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Conversion and calculation − cross section < > diameter

● Cable diameter to circle cross-sectional areaand vice versa ●

Round electric cable, conductor

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, wire, cord, string,wiring, and rope

Cross section is just a two-dimensional view of a slice through an object.
An often asked question: How can you convert the diameter of a round wire d = 2 × r to the
circle cross section surface or the cross-section area A (slice plane) to the cable diameter d?
Why is the diameter value greater than the area value? Because that's not the same.
Resistance varies inversely with the cross-sectional area of a wire.

The required cross-section of an electrical line depends on the following factors:
1) Rated voltage. Net form. (Three-phase (DS) / AC (WS))
2) Fuse - Upstream backup = Maximum permissible current (Amp)
3) On schedule to be transmittedpower (kVA)
4) Cable length in meters (m)
5) Permissible voltage drop (% of the rated voltage)
6) Line material. Copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al)
The used browser does not support JavaScript.
You will see the program but the function will not work.

The 'unit' is usually millimeters but it can also be inches, feet, yards, meters (metres),
or centimeters, when you take for the area the square of that measure.

Litz wire (stranded wire) consisting of many thin wires need a 14 % larger diameter compared to a solid wire. Declutter 2 5th.

Cross sectional area is not diameter.



Cross section is an area.
Diameter is a linear measure.
That cannot be the same.

The cable diameter in millimeters
is not the cable cross-section in
square millimeters.

The cross section or the cross sectional area is the area of such a cut.
It need not necessarily have to be a circle.

Commercially available wire (cable) size as cross sectional area:
0.75 mm2, 1.5 mm2, 2.5 mm2, 4 mm2, 6 mm2, 10 mm2, 16 mm2.
Calculation of the cross section A, entering the diameter d = 2 r:
r = radius of the wire or cable
d = 2 r = diameter of the wire or cable

Calculation of the diameter d = 2 r, entering the cross section A:

The conductor (electric cable)

There are four factors that affect the resistance of a conductor:
1) the cross sectional area of a conductor A, calculated from the diameter d
2) the length of the conductor
3) the temperature in the conductor
4) the material constituting the conductor

There is no exact formula for the minimum wire size from the maximum amperage.
It depends on many circumstances, such as for example, if the calculation is for DC, AC or
even for three-phase current, whether the cable is released freely, or is placed under the
ground. Also, it depends on the ambient temperature, the allowable current density, and the
allowable voltage drop, and whether solid or litz wire is present. And there is always the
nice but unsatisfactory advice to use for security reasons a thicker and hence more
expensive cable. Common questions are about the voltage drop on wires.

Voltage drop Δ V

The voltage drop formula with the specific resistance (resistivity) ρ (rho) is:


Δ V = I × R = I × (2 × l × ρ/ A)

I = Current in ampere
l = Wire (cable) length in meters (times 2, because there is always a return wire)
ρ = rho, electrical resistivity (also known as specific electrical resistance or volume
resistivity) of copper = 0.01724 ohm×mm2/m (also Ω×m)
(Ohms for l = 1 m length and A = 1 mm2 cross section area of the wire)ρ = 1 / σ
A = Cross section area in mm2
σ = sigma, electrical conductivity (electrical conductance) of copper = 58 S·m/mm2

Quantity of resistance
R = resistance Ω
ρ = specific resistance Ω×m
l = double length of the cable m
A = cross sectionmm2

The derived SI unit of electrical resistivity ρ is Ω ×m, shortened from the clear Ω ×mm² / m.
The reciprocal of electrical resistivity is electrical conductivity.

Electrical conductivity and electrical resistivity κ or σ = 1/ρ
Electrical conductance and electrical resistance ρ = 1/κ = 1/σ

Electrical
conductor		Electrical conductivity
Electrical conductance		Electrical resistivity
Specific resistance
silverσ = 62 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.0161 Ohm∙mm²/m
copperσ = 58 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.0172 Ohm∙mm²/m
goldσ= 41 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.0244 Ohm∙mm²/m
aluminiumσ = 36 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.0277 Ohm∙mm²/m
constantanσ= 2.0 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.5000 Ohm∙mm²/m

Difference between electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity

The conductance in siemens is the reciprocal of the resistance in ohms.

To use the calculator, simply enter a value.
The calculator works in both directions of the ↔ sign.

The value of the electrical conductivity (conductance) and the specific electrical resistance
(resistivity) is a temperature dependent material constant. Mostly it is given at 20 or 25°C.

Resistance = resistivity x length / area

The specific resistivity of conductors changes with temperature.
In a limited temperature range it is approximately linear:
where α is the temperature coefficient, T is the temperature and T0 is any temperature,
such as T0 = 293.15 K = 20°C at which the electrical resistivity ρ (T0) is known.

Convert resistance to electrical conductance
Conversion of reciprocal siemens to ohms
1 ohm [Ω] = 1 / siemens [1/S]
1 siemens [S] = 1 / ohm [1/Ω]

To use the calculator, simply enter a value.
The calculator works in both directions of the ↔ sign.

1 millisiemens = 0.001 mho = 1000 ohms

Mathematically, conductance is the reciprocal, or inverse, of resistance:
The symbol for conductance is the capital letter 'G' and the unit is the
mho, which is 'ohm' spelled backwards. Later, the unit mho was
replaced by the unit Siemens − abbreviated with the letter 'S'.

Table of typical loudspeaker cables

Cable diameter d0.798 mm0.977 mm1.128 mm1.382 mm1.784 mm2.257 mm2.764 mm3.568 mm
Cable nominal cross section A0.5 mm20.75 mm21.0 mm21.5 mm22.5 mm24.0 mm26.0 mm210.0 mm2
Maximum electrical current3 A 7.6 A 10.4 A 13.5 A 18.3 A 25 A 32 A -

Always consider, the cross section must be made larger with higher power and higher length of
Keykey 2 3 – typing tutor mangal. the cable, but also with lesser impedance. Here is a table to tell the possible power loss.

Cable length
in m		 Section
in mm2		Resistance
in ohm		Power loss at Damping factor at
Impedance
8 ohm		Impedance
4 ohm		Impedance
8 ohm		Impedance
4 ohm
10.750.0420.53%1.05%9849
1.500.0210.31%0.63%12362
2.500.0130.16%0.33%15175
4.000.0080.10%0.20%16783
20.750.0841.06%2.10%6533
1.500.0420.62%1.26%8543
2.500.0260.32%0.66%11356
4.000.0160.20%0.40%13366
50.750.2102.63%5.25%3216
1.500.1251.56%3.13%4824
2.500.0650.81%1.63%7638
4.000.0400.50%1.00%10050
100.750.4205.25%10.50%179
1.500.2503.13%6.25%2814
2.500.1301.63%3.25%4724
4.000.0801.00%2.00%6733
200.750.84010.50%21.00%95
1.500.5006.25%12.50%157
2.500.2603.25%6.50%2713
4.000.1602.00%4.00%4020

The damping factor values show, what remains of an accepted damping factor of 200
depending on the cable length, the cross section, and the impedance of the loudspeaker.
Conversion and calculation of cable diameter to AWG
and AWG to cable diameter in mm - American Wire Gauge

The gauges we most commonly use are even numbers, such as 18, 16, 14, etc.
If you get an answer that is odd, such as 17, 19, etc., use the next lower even number.

AWG stands for American Wire Gauge and refers to the strength of wires.
These AWG numbers show the diameter and accordingly the cross section as a code.
They are only used in the USA. Sometimes you find AWG numbers also in catalogues
and technical data in Europe.

American Wire Gauge - AWG Chart

AWG
number		46454443424140393837363534
Diameter
in inch		0.00160.00180.00200.00220.00240.00270.00310.00350.00400.00450.00500.00560.0063
Diameter (Ø)
in mm		0.040.050.050.060.060.070.080.090.100.110.130.140.16
Cross section
in mm2		0.00130.00160.00200.00250.00290.00370.00490.00620.00810.010 0.013 0.016 0.020

AWG
number		33323130292827262524232221
Diameter
in inch		0.00710.00790.00890.01000.01130.01260.01420.01590.01790.02010.02260.02530.0285
Diameter (Ø)
in mm		0.180.200.230.250.290.320.360.400.450.510.570.640.72
Cross section
in mm2		0.0260.0320.0400.0510.0650.0800.100.130.160.200.260.320.41

AWG
number		201918171615141312111098
Diameter
in inch		0.03190.03590.04030.04530.05080.05710.06410.07190.08080.09070.10190.11440.1285
Diameter (Ø)
in mm		0.810.911.021.151.291.451.631.832.052.302.592.913.26
Cross section
in mm2		0.520.650.821.01.31.72.12.63.34.25.36.68.4

AWG
number		76543210
(1/0)
(0)		00
(2/0)
(-1)		000
(3/0)
(-2)		0000
(4/0)
(-3)		00000
(5/0)
(-4)		000000
(6/0)
(-5)
Diameter
in inch		0.14430.16200.18190.20430.22940.25760.28930.32490.36480.40960.46000.51650.5800
Diameter (Ø)
in mm		3.674.114.625.195.836.547.358.259.2710.4011.6813.1314.73
Cross section
in mm2		10.613.316.821.126.733.642.453.567.485.0107.2135.2170.5

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